Fourth Edition – Table of Contents

Chapter 1: The History of The Aramaic and Syriac Languages: ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܘܐ̄ܣܘܪܝܝܐ

Chapter 2: Introduction and Basic Information

  • Syriac Language Dialects
    • The Eastern Dialect
    • The Western Dialect
    • The Syriac Translation
  • Syriac Scripts
    • Esṭrangelā – ܐܣܛܪܢܓܠܐ
    • Serṭā – ܣܪܛܐ
    • Garshouni – ܓܪܫܘܢܝ
  • The Eastern Alphabet – ܐܬܘܬ̈ܐ ܡܕܚܝ̈ܐ
    • Final Form
    • Un-joined Letters
    • Vowels
    • Numerical Values
    • The Special Form of – ܬ (Taw)
    • The Eastern Letters
  • Western Letters: ܐܬܘܬـܐ ܡܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ (ܣܝܼܪܬܘܼ)
  • The Eastern Syriac Seven Vowels – ܙܘܥ̈ܐ
    • Sqapa – ܙܩܵܦܵܐ
    • Pthaha – ܦܬܵܚܵܐ
    • Zlama Psheeqa – ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܩܵܐ
    • Zlama Qishya – ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܩܵܐ
    • Zlama Qishya – ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܩܸܫܝܵܐ
    • Rawahha – ܪܘܵܚܵܐ ܘ
    • Rawassa – ܪܒܼܵܨܵܐ
    • Hawassa – ܚܒܼܵܨܵܐ ܝ
  • Syllabification and Pronunciation – ܪܬܡـــܐ
    • Western Letters and Vowels
  • Characters Key

Chapter 3: The Eastern Syriac Alphabet – ܐܬܘܬ̈ܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐ̄ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ـ ܠܥܙܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ

  • The First Group – ܐܒܓܕ
    • Alap: – ܐܲܠܲܦ – ܐ ܐ
    • Beth: – ܒܹܝܬܼ – ܒ
    • Gamal – ܓ – ܓܲܡܲܠ
    • Dalath: – ܕ ܕ – ܕܲܠܲܬܼ
  • The Second Group – ܗܘܙ
    • Heh: – ܗ ܗ – ܗܹܐ
    • Wow: – ܘ– ܘܵܐܘ
    • Zain: – ܙ– ܙܲܝܢ
  • The Third Group – ܚܛܝ
    • Heth: – ܚ–ܚܹܝܬܼ
    • Teth: – ܛ – ܛܹܝܬܼ
    • Yod: – ܝ –ܝܘܿܕ
  • The Fourth Group – ܟܠܡܢ
    • Kap and Kap: – ܟܢ ܟ ܟܵܦ ܘ ܟܵܦ
    • Lamath: – ܠ – ܠܲܡܲܖ
    • Meem and Meem: – ܡܒܡ –ܡܝܼܡ ܘ ܡܝܼܡ
    • Noon and Noon: – ܢ ܢܢ – ܢܘܼܢ ܘ ܢܘܼܢ
  • The Fifth Group – ܣܥܦܨ
    • Simkath: – ܣ – ܣܸܡܟܲܬܼ
    • Aeh: – ܥ – ܥܹܐ
    • Peh: – ܦ – ܦܹܐ
    • Sade: – ܨ – ܨܵܕܹܐ
  • The Sixth Group – ܩܪܫܬ
    • Qop: – ܩ – ܩܘܿܦ
    • Resh: – ܪ ܪ – ܪܹܫ
    • Sheen: – ܫ – ܫܝܼܢ
    • Taw: – ܬ ܬ– ܬܵܐܘ
  • Chapter 3 Exercises

Chapter 4: Basic Grammar – ܬܘܪܨ ܡܡܠܠܐ ܦܫܝܛܐ

  • The Soft and Hard Letters – ܐܬܘܬـܐ ܪ̈ܟܝܟܐ ܘܐܬܘܬܐ ܩܫܝ̄ܐ
  • The Sounds of the Letter – ܚ In The Spoken Language
  • The Prepositions in Syriac
    • The Independent Prepositions
    • For / To: – ܬܵܐ
  • The Plural Form – ܣܝܡ̈ܐ
    • Irregular Plural Forms
  • The Feminine and Masculine Forms – ܕܟܪܢܝܐ: ܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ
  • The Third Person Auxiliary verbs (is and are)
  • The Question Words in Syriac – – ܒܘܩـــــܪ̈ܐ

Chapter 5: Numbers and Time – ܡܢܝܢ̈ܐ ܘ ܥܕܢܐ

  • The Names of Number in Syriac
    • Cardinal Numbers: 1 to 10
    • Numbers 11 to 19
    • Counting By Tens (20 to 90)
    • Compound Numbers: 21 to 99
    • Hundreds: ܐܡ̈ܐ
      • How to read hundreds?
  • The Numerical Values and Names Beyond 499
  • Thousands: ܐܠܦ̈ܐ
    • How to read thousands?
  • Ordinal Numbers ܣܕܪܢܝܐ
  • Using Regular Numbers For Ordinal Numbers
  • Fractions ܬܒܪ̈ܐ
  • Percentages
  • Reading Sums of Money
  • Pronouncing Measurements
  • Reading and Writing Bible’s Verses
  • Pronouncing Years
  • Pronouncing Centuries
    • Using regular numbers
    • Using Ordinal Numbers
  • The Times ܙܘܢ̈ܐ
  • Parts of the Day: ܥܕܢ̈ܐ ܕܝܘܿܡܐ
  • Hour/Watch ܫܥ̱ܬܐ
  • Numbers and Time Examples
  • Chapter 5 Exercises

Chapter 6: Days, Months, Seasons Direction, and Colors, Misc

  • Horoscope ܡܠܘܫ̈ܐ or ܒܘܼܪ̈ܓܐ
  • The Seasons ܫܘܚܠܦ̈ܐ
  • Water Status Stage ܫܚ̇ܢܘܬܐ ܕܡܝܐ
  • Weather Status ܫܚ̇ܢܘܬܐ ܕܦܘܚܐ
  • The Colors ܓܘܢ̈ܐ
  • The Directions ܨܘܒ̈ܐ
    • Asking for Directions
  • The Days ܝܘ̈ܡܬܐ ܕܫܒܬܐ
    • Pronouncing Days
  • The Months ܝܪ̈ܚܐ
    • Pronouncing Date
    • Pronouncing Full Date (Month, Day, Year)
  • Vocabulary
  • Chapter 6 Exercises

Chapter 7: The Grammar – ܬܘܪܨ ܡܡܠܠܐ

  • The Subject Pronoun – ܚܠܦܫܡ̈ܐ
  • The Syriac Nouns – ܫܡ̈ܐ
    • Proper Noun – ܫܸܡܵܐ ܩܢܘܿܡܵܝܵܐ
      • Persons
      • Place
      • Things
    • Common Noun – ܫܸܡܵܐ ܓܵܘܵܢܵܝܵܐ
    • Collective Noun – ܫܸܡܵܐ ܓܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܵܐ
  • Pronominal Prefixes and Suffixes
    • Possessive Forms of Nouns
    • Adjective Possessive
    • Absolute Possessive
  • The Adjectives – ܫܘܡـــܗ̈ܐ
    • Common Adjective suffixes in Syriac
  • Determiners in Syriac
    • Articles
    • Demonstratives
      • Adverb – ܥܲܠܡܸܠܬܼܵܐ
      • Quantifiers – ܟܡܵܝܘܼܬܼܵܐ
      • Time – ܙܲܒܼܢܹ̈ܐ / ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ
      • Demonstrative with singular/plural nouns
  • Conjunction – ܐܣــــــܪ̈ܐ
    • And – ܘ
    • Or – ܝܲܢ
    • But – ܒܲܣ -ܒܲܠܵܟܸܢ
    • Because – ܡܒܹ̇ܝܕ
  • Comparative – ܒܸܫ
  • Every/Each – ܟܘܿܕ
  • Pair and Couple – ܙܘܿܓ̈ܵܐ
  • The Question Words in Syriac – ܒܘܩܪ̈ܐ
  • Chapter 7 Exercises

Chapter 8: The Verbs: – ܡܠܬܐ

  • The First, Second, Third Person of the following verbs:-
    • The Simple Present Verb – ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܕܩܵܐܹܡ ܦܫܝܼܛܵܐ
      • Always Simple Present Verb + ܗܲܪ
    • The Present Continuous Verb – ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܕܩܵܐܹܡ ܣܘܼܥܪܵܢܵܝܵܐ
    • The Simple Past Verb ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܕܲܥܒܲܪ ܦܫܝܼܛܵܐ
    • The Past Continuous – ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܕܲܥܒܲܪ ܣܘܼܥܪܵܢܵܝܵܐ and The Past Perfect Continuous – ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܕܲܥܒܲܪ ܓܡܝܼܪܵܐ
    • The Present Perfect Verb – ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܕܩܵܐܹܡ ܓܡܝܼܪܵܐ
    • The Simple Future Verb – ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܕܲܥܬܼܝܼܖ ܦܫܝܼܛܵܐ
    • Future Perfect Tense – ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܕܲܥܬܼܝܼܖ ܓܡܝܼܪܵܐ
    • The – Used to – Verb
    • The Imperative Form – ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܦܵܩܘܿܕܵܐ
    • The Auxiliary Verbs
        The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Person of:

      • The Verb “To Have: has, have, had, having, will have” – ܐܝܼܬ̇
    • Subject-Verb Agreement
      • There is/are: – ܐܝܼܬܼ
      • There was/were: – ܐܝܼܬܼܘܵܗ̄ܐ
      • There will be. – ܒܸܕ ܗܵܘܹܐ
        There is going to be. – ܙܝܼܠ ܗܵܘܹܐ
    • The Permission Verb – Let ( – ܫܒܼܘܿܩ)
      • Special Case – ܫܒܼܘܿܕ
      • Seeking Permission
    • The Modal Verbs
      • The Verbs (Have to, Need to) – ܣܢܝܼܩܵܐ
      • Can/ be able to (Suffix + ܐܝܼܬܼ̄ܒܸ̇ܐ)
      • Could (Suffix + ܒܗܵܘܸܒܸ̇ܐ)
      • Should Verb + ܠܵܙܸܡ + ܬܵܐ
      • May (have) and Might (have) – Perhaps – ܓܒܲܪܸܐ
    • Conditional
      • IF ܐܸܢ
      • Unless/If not – ܐܸܢ ܠܵܐ ( ܐܸܢ̄ܠܵܐ)
      • In Case – ܕܠܵܐ
    • Chapter 8 Exercises

    Chapter 9: The Conversations – ܡܚܟܝ̈ܬܐ

    • Daily Statements – ܦܬܓܡ̈ܐ ܟܘܕ ܝܘܡܐ
    • Conversations
      • Greetings – ܫܠܡ̈ܐ
      • These and Those Conversation
      • This and That Conversation
      • Sweet and sour Conversation
      • They and Are They Conversation
      • Few, Little, and Lots Conversation
      • Introducing People
      • Classroom – ܨܦܐ
      • Shopping at the Supermarket – ܫܘܩܐ
      • Traditional Marriage – ܓܘܪܐ ܕܡܬܘܬ̈ܐ
      • A New Couple And a Priest – ܛܠܝܒ̈ܐ ܘܩܫܐ
      • At The Clinic – ܡܣܥܪܐ
      • Internal Organs: – ܗܕܡ̈ܐ ܕܓܘܫܡܵܐ ܓܘܢܝ̈ܐ
      • The Outside Members of The Human Body
      • The Mouth Parts
      • Food – ܡܐܟܠܬܐ
      • At Restaurant – ܒܝܬ ܡܐܟܠܬܐ
      • Building The House – ܒܢܝܐ ܕܒܝܬܐ
      • Going Outside – ܦܠܛܐ ܠܒܪܝܐ
      • Looking for Job – ܚ̇ܙܝܐ ܕܫܘܓܠܐ

    Chapter 10: Reading – ܩܪܝܢܐ

    • Helping The Blind Man – ܓܒܪܐ ܣܡܝܐ
    • The Fortune – ܓܙܐ
    • My School – ܡܕܪܫܬܝ
    • The Rope – ܚܒܠܐ
    • The Heart – ܠܒܐ
    • The Family – ܐ̄ܢܫ̈ܐ ܕܒܝܬܐ
    • The Fall – ܬܫܪ̈ܝܝܐ
    • The Winter – ܣــــܬܘܐ
    • Global Warming – ܚܒܝܫܘܬܐ ܕܫܚܢܘܬܐ

Chapter 11: The Vocabulary – ܠܟܣܝܩܘܢ

  • Relatives – ܐ̄ܢܫ̈ܘܬܐ
  • Food – ܡܐܟܠܬܐ
  • Classroom – ܣܕܪܐ
  • Animals Sound – ܩܠ ܕܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ
  • States Of Water – ܫܚܢܘܬܐ ܕܡܝܐ
  • Time Of The Day – ܥܕܢ̈ܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܐ
  • The Fingers – ܨܒܥ̈̈ܬܐ ܕܐܝܕܐ
  • The Stages Of Human Life – ܡܫܩܠ̈ܐ ܕܚܝ̈ܐ ܕܒܪܢܫܐ

Appendix A

  • Appendix A
    • Letter Alignment Connections
    • Sounds
    • Vowles
  • Appendix B
    • Punctuation
    • Special Characters and Ligatures
    • Modifiers
  • Appendix C
    • The Hard and Soft Letters Rules
    • Hard Letters
    • Soft Letter
  • Appendix D
    • The Preposition Letter Rules
  • Appendix E
    • Silent Letters
  • Appendix F – The Plural Form – ܣܝܵܡܹ̈ܐ
  • Appendix G – More about Human Body
  • Appendix H – The International Numerals
  • Appendix I – Ordinal Numbers Beyond the Tenth

References – ܫܪ̈ܫܐ